Cesanta Mongoose 6.16 – Integer overflow 4 minutes read December 6 2019
Trung Nguyen Hacker. Builder. Educator. On a mission to make the internet safer.
Synopsis
CyStack Security discovered an integer overflow vulnerability in the implementation of MQTT protocol in the Cesanta Mongoose Library version 6.16. By exploiting the vulnerability, a remote, unauthenticated attacker can perform a DoS attack to broker server with an infinite loop or a potential remote code execution due to its out of bound access ability.
Details
MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M)/”Internet of Things” connectivity protocol. It was designed as an extremely lightweight publish/subscribe messaging transport. It is useful for connections with remote locations where a small code footprint is required and/or network bandwidth is at a premium. For example, it has been used in sensors communicating to a broker via satellite link, over occasional dial-up connections with healthcare providers, and in a range of home automation and small device scenarios. It is also ideal for mobile applications because of its small size, low power usage, minimized data packets, and efficient distribution of information to one or many receivers.
As usual, we move from outside to inside of library and the first feature we meet is about handling a new connection:
When client sends a message, broker server treats it as MG_EV_RECV and starts parsing the packet. Due to network stack mechanism, server may not receive and process a full packet, so it uses a while loop here and after each iteration, it removes the old input. Before moving in deeper, we should take a brief look about the format of MQTT packet. According to this article , a payload sent from client will have the following structure:
The 8 bit control field is the first byte of the 2 byte fixed header. It is divided into two 4 bit fields and contains all of the protocol commands and responses. The first 4 Most significant bits are the command or message type field and the other 4 bits are used as control flags.
Packet length is of variable length between 1 and 4 bytes. Each byte uses 7 bits MSB
Now let’s see how Cesanta Mongoose Library parses a MQTT packet:
First it checks if size of buffer is less than 2 or not, then it retrieves header and command by shift operation. Next, the library decode variable length by doing a while loop, which is stopped when there is no continuous flag or the number of byte is greater than 4. In each iteration, the len will be increased by a value equals to 7 bits of current byte. Data type of len is size_t and the range of this kind of data type is from 0 to 0xffffffff = 4294967296, meanwhile the maximum possible value len can have is (0x7f << (7 * 4)) & 0xffffffff = 4026531840. It seems to be fine …
Surprisingly, when we use IDA to open the binary, which was compiled in Ubuntu x64 with default gcc, we realize that something is wrong:
len is signed integer and len_len is unsigned integer!!! What happens now? Let’s create a piece of code C to test this edge case:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
unsigned char lc = '\x7f';
size_t len = 4;
printf("%zu\n", (lc & 0x7f) << 7 * len);
printf("%zu\n", (size_t)((lc & 0x7f) << 7 * len));
return 0;
}
and the result is …
4026531840
18446744073441116160
len has been overflowed and end is definitely decreased rather than grown up to eop. This result is also returned to function mqtt_handle in order to remove the old data.
MG_INTERNAL int parse_mqtt(struct mbuf *io, struct mg_mqtt_message *mm) {
...
mm->len = end - io->buf;
return mm->len;
}
Unfortunately the handler function has a validation about value and if it is negative, the connection will be closed. Therefore, we can only force parse_mqtt to return 0 so handler won’t remove old data, which leads to an infinite loop for processing one crafted payload.
Timeline
2/10/2019: CyStack reported to Cesanta Mongoose team
18/10/2019: CyStack requested a CVE to MITRE
26/11/2019: CVE-2019-19307 is assigned for the vulnerability
About the author Trung Nguyen Hacker. Builder. Educator. On a mission to make the internet safer.
Hacker. Builder. Educator. On a mission to make the internet safer.
"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n <head>\n <title>Sign in ・ Cloudflare Access</title>\n \n <meta charset=\"utf-8\" />\n <meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex\" />\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no, width=device-width\" />\n <link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image/svg+xml\" href=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 62 50'%3E %3Cstyle%3E path %7B fill: url(%23gradient-light); %7D @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) %7B path %7B fill: url(%23gradient-dark); %7D %7D %3C/style%3E %3Cdefs%3E %3ClinearGradient id='gradient-light' x1='30.7' y1='0' x2='30.7' y2='49.8' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E %3Cstop stop-color='%23332CB3'/%3E %3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23456FDD'/%3E %3C/linearGradient%3E %3ClinearGradient id='gradient-dark' x1='30.7' y1='0' x2='30.7' y2='49.8' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E %3Cstop stop-color='%23FFFFFF'/%3E %3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23E0E0E0'/%3E %3C/linearGradient%3E %3C/defs%3E %3Cpath d='M21.3 15.6h-7.8C17.2 6.4 26.1 0 36.6 0c13.7 0 24.9 11.1 24.9 24.9 0 13.7-11.1 24.9-24.9 24.9-10.4 0-19.4-6.4-23.1-15.6h7.8c3.1 5.1 8.8 8.6 15.3 8.6 9.9 0 17.9-8 17.9-17.9 0-9.9-8-17.9-17.9-17.9-6.5 0-12.1 3.4-15.3 8.6zm-12 14l-3.1-3.1h36.7c1.4 0 2.1 1.7 1.1 2.7l-6.2 6.2-2.2-2.2 3.6-3.6H9.3zm23-12.9l2.2-2.2 6.2 6.2c1 1 .3 2.7-1.1 2.7H3.1L0 20.2h35.9l-3.6-3.5z'/%3E %3C/svg%3E \" />\n <article id=\"data\"\n data-auto-redirect-to-identity=\"false\"\n data-auto-redirect-url=\"\"\n data-message=\"\">\n </article>\n <style>@charset \"UTF-8\";@-webkit-keyframes bang{0%,5%{-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0);opacity:1}80%{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}@keyframes bang{0%,5%{-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0);opacity:1}80%{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}@-webkit-keyframes rotate{0%,to{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg) translate(0,0);transform:rotate(0deg) translate(0,0)}60%{-webkit-transform:rotate(-10deg) translate(16px,8px);transform:rotate(-10deg) translate(16px,8px)}}@keyframes rotate{0%,to{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg) translate(0,0);transform:rotate(0deg) translate(0,0)}60%{-webkit-transform:rotate(-10deg) translate(16px,8px);transform:rotate(-10deg) translate(16px,8px)}}:root{color-scheme:light;--color-kumo-canvas:oklch(98.75% 0 0);--color-kumo-elevated:oklch(98% 0 0);--color-kumo-recessed:oklch(96% 0 0);--color-kumo-base:#fff;--color-kumo-tint:oklch(97% 0 0);--color-kumo-control:#fff;--color-kumo-line:oklch(14.5% 0 0 / 0.1);--color-kumo-hairline:oklch(93.5% 0 0);--color-kumo-fill:oklch(92.2% 0 0);--color-kumo-brand:oklch(57.72% 0.2324 260);--color-kumo-danger:oklch(63.7% 0.237 25.331);--color-kumo-success:oklch(59.6% 0.145 163.225);--color-kumo-focus:oklch(15% 0 0);--color-interstitial-deny:oklch(62% 0.19 25.331);--color-interstitial-approve:oklch(62.7% 0.19 149.214);--text-color-kumo-default:oklch(21% 0.006 285.885);--text-color-kumo-subtle:oklch(55.6% 0 0);--text-color-kumo-placeholder:oklch(70.8% 0 0);--text-color-kumo-link:oklch(42.4% 0.199 265.638);--text-color-kumo-info:oklch(42.4% 0.199 265.638);--text-color-kumo-warning:oklch(47.6% 0.114 61.907);--text-color-kumo-danger:oklch(50.5% 0.213 27.518);--text-color-kumo-success:oklch(43.2% 0.095 166.913);--radius-sm:4px;--radius-md:6px;--radius-lg:8px;--spacing:4px;--content-width:460px;--content-width-wide:540px;--content-width-xl:680px;--page-bg-override:initial}*,::after,::before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}body,html{margin:0;padding:0;min-height:100vh;min-height:100dvh}html{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;word-wrap:break-word}.Content,body{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}body,html{background:var(--page-bg-override, #003d7b)}body{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;color:#4f566b;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:calc(var(--spacing)*8) calc(var(--spacing)*2);text-align:center}button{font-family:inherit}.Content{width:100%;max-width:var(--content-width);margin:0 auto;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*5)}.Content-is-wide{max-width:var(--content-width-wide)}.Content-is-xl{max-width:var(--content-width-xl)}.base_AccessLogo{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}.Content::after{content:\"\";display:block;height:41px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.base_AccessLogo svg{width:280px;max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.AuthBox{width:100%;background:var(--color-kumo-base);border:1px solid var(--color-kumo-hairline);border-radius:var(--radius-lg);overflow:hidden;text-align:left}.AuthBox-body{padding:calc(var(--spacing)*8);display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.AuthBox-body-is-centered,.OrgAvatarLink{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.AuthBox-body-is-centered{text-align:center}.OrgAvatarLink{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);text-decoration:none;color:inherit}.OrgAvatarLink-logo{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:36px}.OrgAvatarLink-logo:has(img[src=\"\"]){display:none}.OrgAvatarLink-logo img{display:block;height:36px;width:auto;border-radius:var(--radius-sm)}.OrgAvatarLink-title{font-size:14px;line-height:20px;font-weight:500;color:var(--text-color-kumo-subtle)}.AuthBox-App{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:var(--spacing)}.Card-title{margin:0;font-size:24px;line-height:32px;font-weight:600;color:var(--text-color-kumo-default)}.AuthBox-body p,.Card-subtitle,.Result p{margin:0;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;color:var(--text-color-kumo-default)}.Header-text{background:var(--color-kumo-tint);border:1px solid var(--color-kumo-hairline);border-radius:var(--radius-md);padding:calc(var(--spacing)*3) calc(var(--spacing)*4);font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:var(--text-color-kumo-default)}.AuthBox-App>.Header-text{margin-top:calc(var(--spacing)*3)}.AuthBox-text,.InfoRow h3{font-size:14px;line-height:20px;font-weight:500;color:var(--text-color-kumo-default);margin:0 0 2px}.Result{gap:var(--spacing)}.Result p{color:var(--text-color-kumo-subtle)}.InfoList,.InfoRow,.Result{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}.InfoList{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*5)}.InfoRow{gap:var(--spacing)}.InfoRow h3{margin:0;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;font-weight:600}.InfoRow p,.StandardInput{font-size:14px;color:var(--text-color-kumo-default)}.InfoRow p{margin:0;line-height:20px}.StandardInput{-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;display:block;width:100%;height:44px;padding:0 calc(var(--spacing)*3);font:inherit;background:var(--color-kumo-control);border:1px solid var(--color-kumo-line);border-radius:var(--radius-lg);-webkit-transition:background-color 120ms ease;transition:background-color 120ms ease}.StandardInput::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:var(--text-color-kumo-placeholder)}.StandardInput::-moz-placeholder{color:var(--text-color-kumo-placeholder)}.StandardInput:-ms-input-placeholder{color:var(--text-color-kumo-placeholder)}.StandardInput::-ms-input-placeholder{color:var(--text-color-kumo-placeholder)}.StandardInput::placeholder{color:var(--text-color-kumo-placeholder)}.AuthFormLogin,.AuthFormLogin-row{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}.AuthFormLogin{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);margin:0}.AuthFormLogin-row{gap:var(--spacing)}.AuthFormLogin-row label,.Button{font-size:14px;line-height:20px;font-weight:500}.AuthFormLogin-row label{color:var(--text-color-kumo-default);margin-bottom:2px}.AuthFormLogin input[hidden]{display:none}.Button{-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2);height:44px;padding:0 calc(var(--spacing)*4);font-family:inherit;border-radius:var(--radius-lg);border:1px solid transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.05);box-shadow:0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.05);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;-webkit-transition:background-color 120ms ease,border-color 120ms ease,color 120ms ease,-webkit-box-shadow 120ms ease,-webkit-transform 60ms ease;transition:background-color 120ms ease,border-color 120ms ease,color 120ms ease,box-shadow 120ms ease,transform 60ms ease;transition:background-color 120ms ease,border-color 120ms ease,color 120ms ease,box-shadow 120ms ease,transform 60ms ease,-webkit-box-shadow 120ms ease,-webkit-transform 60ms ease}.Button:focus-visible{outline-offset:2px}.Button:active{-webkit-transform:translateY(.5px);-ms-transform:translateY(.5px);transform:translateY(.5px)}.Button:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:not-allowed;-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none}.Button-is-block{width:100%}.Button-is-destructive,.Button-is-interstitial-approve,.Button-is-interstitial-deny,.Button-is-primary{background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(color-mix(in oklch,var(--button-emphasis-color),white 15%)),to(var(--button-emphasis-color)));background:linear-gradient(to bottom,color-mix(in oklch,var(--button-emphasis-color),white 15%),var(--button-emphasis-color));color:#fff;border-color:color-mix(in oklch,var(--button-emphasis-color),black 10%)}.Button-is-destructive:hover:not(:disabled),.Button-is-interstitial-approve:hover:not(:disabled),.Button-is-interstitial-deny:hover:not(:disabled),.Button-is-primary:hover:not(:disabled){background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(color-mix(in oklch,var(--button-emphasis-color),white 30%)),to(var(--button-emphasis-color)));background:linear-gradient(to bottom,color-mix(in oklch,var(--button-emphasis-color),white 30%),var(--button-emphasis-color))}.Button-is-primary{--button-emphasis-color:var(--color-kumo-brand)}.Button-is-destructive{--button-emphasis-color:var(--color-kumo-danger)}.Button-is-interstitial-deny{--button-emphasis-color:var(--color-interstitial-deny)}.Button-is-interstitial-approve{--button-emphasis-color:var(--color-interstitial-approve)}.Button-is-secondary{background:var(--color-kumo-base);color:var(--text-color-kumo-default);border-color:var(--color-kumo-hairline)}.Button-is-secondary:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--color-kumo-tint)}.Button-is-secondary:active:not(:disabled){background:var(--color-kumo-fill)}.Button-is-auth{background:var(--color-kumo-base);color:var(--text-color-kumo-default);border-color:var(--color-kumo-hairline);-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;padding:0 calc(var(--spacing)*4);gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3)}.Button-is-auth:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--color-kumo-tint)}.Button-is-auth:active:not(:disabled){background:var(--color-kumo-fill)}.Button-is-small{height:26px;padding:0 calc(var(--spacing)*2);gap:calc(var(--spacing)*1);font-size:12px;line-height:16px;border-radius:var(--radius-md)}.Button-auth-service-icon{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:20px;height:20px;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}.Button-auth-service-icon img,.Button-auth-service-icon svg{width:20px;height:20px;display:block}.AuthBoxRow--name{min-width:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px;font-weight:500}.CardActions{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);margin:0}.CardActions .Button{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.Footer-text{margin:calc(var(--spacing)*4) calc(var(--spacing)*-8) calc(var(--spacing)*-8);padding:calc(var(--spacing)*4) calc(var(--spacing)*8);background:var(--color-kumo-elevated);border-top:1px solid var(--color-kumo-hairline);font-size:12px;line-height:18px;color:var(--text-color-kumo-subtle);text-align:left}.Footer-text span{white-space:pre-line}.Message,.resend-confirmation{-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);padding:calc(var(--spacing)*3) calc(var(--spacing)*4);border:1px solid;border-radius:var(--radius-lg);font-size:14px;line-height:20px;text-align:left}.Message{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.Message svg{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:16px;height:16px;margin-top:2px}.Message svg path{fill:currentColor}.Message-is-info{background:#f4f9ff;border-color:#5b9bd5;color:var(--text-color-kumo-info)}.Message-is-warning{background:#fffef6;border-color:#e6c84a;color:var(--text-color-kumo-warning)}.Message-is-error{background:#fffbfb;border-color:#fd959b;color:var(--text-color-kumo-danger)}.Message-is-success,.resend-confirmation{background:#f8fefb;border-color:#5cb87a;color:var(--text-color-kumo-success)}@media (max-width:480px){body{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;padding:calc(var(--spacing)*8) calc(var(--spacing)*4) calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.base_AccessLogo svg{width:220px}.Content::after{display:none}.AuthBox-body{padding:calc(var(--spacing)*5)}.Card-title{font-size:20px}.Footer-text{margin:calc(var(--spacing)*4) calc(var(--spacing)*-5) calc(var(--spacing)*-5);padding:calc(var(--spacing)*3) calc(var(--spacing)*5)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,::after,::before{-webkit-transition-duration:.01ms!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important;-webkit-animation-duration:.01ms!important;animation-duration:.01ms!important}}.svg-wrapper{width:96px;position:relative}.svg-wrapper img,.svg-wrapper svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}@media (max-width:480px){.svg-wrapper{width:64px}}.svg-wrapper svg{-webkit-transform-origin:bottom;-ms-transform-origin:bottom;transform-origin:bottom;-webkit-animation-delay:800ms;animation-delay:800ms;-webkit-animation:rotate 600ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards;animation:rotate 600ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards}.svg-wrapper .confetti{width:0;height:0;z-index:10;position:absolute;top:100px;left:60px;-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-45deg);transform:rotate(-45deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(1),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(2){position:absolute;-webkit-animation-delay:600ms;animation-delay:600ms;-webkit-animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards;animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(1){height:4px;width:5px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-17px,-131px,0) rotate(57deg);transform:translate3d(-17px,-131px,0) rotate(57deg);background:#f0b636}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(2){height:8px;width:8px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-46px,-126px,0) rotate(63deg);transform:translate3d(-46px,-126px,0) rotate(63deg);background:#276cac}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(3){height:7px;width:9px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-26px,-92px,0) rotate(23deg);transform:translate3d(-26px,-92px,0) rotate(23deg);background:#f16137}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(3),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(4),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(5){position:absolute;-webkit-animation-delay:600ms;animation-delay:600ms;-webkit-animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards;animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(4){height:3px;width:8px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-31px,-150px,0) rotate(48deg);transform:translate3d(-31px,-150px,0) rotate(48deg);background:#ec1557}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(5){height:4px;width:6px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-50px,-143px,0) rotate(49deg);transform:translate3d(-50px,-143px,0) rotate(49deg);background:#276cac}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(6){height:10px;width:5px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(4px,-64px,0) rotate(84deg);transform:translate3d(4px,-64px,0) rotate(84deg);background:#ec1557}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(6),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(7),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(8),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(9){position:absolute;-webkit-animation-delay:600ms;animation-delay:600ms;-webkit-animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards;animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(7){height:8px;width:10px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-48px,-91px,0) rotate(77deg);transform:translate3d(-48px,-91px,0) rotate(77deg);background:#f16137}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(8),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(9){width:9px}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(8){height:6px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(5px,-75px,0) rotate(79deg);transform:translate3d(5px,-75px,0) rotate(79deg);background:#ec1557}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(9){height:10px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-35px,-120px,0) rotate(59deg);transform:translate3d(-35px,-120px,0) rotate(59deg);background:#f0b636}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(10){height:10px;width:5px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-46px,-110px,0) rotate(58deg);transform:translate3d(-46px,-110px,0) rotate(58deg);background:#276cac}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(10),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(11),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(12){position:absolute;-webkit-animation-delay:600ms;animation-delay:600ms;-webkit-animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards;animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(11){height:3px;width:8px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-24px,-60px,0) rotate(66deg);transform:translate3d(-24px,-60px,0) rotate(66deg);background:#f16137}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(12){height:4px;width:4px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-34px,-141px,0) rotate(44deg);transform:translate3d(-34px,-141px,0) rotate(44deg);background:#f0b636}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(13){height:5px;width:9px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-27px,-139px,0) rotate(22deg);transform:translate3d(-27px,-139px,0) rotate(22deg);background:#276cac}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(13),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(14),.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(15){position:absolute;-webkit-animation-delay:600ms;animation-delay:600ms;-webkit-animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards;animation:bang 1000ms cubic-bezier(.175,.885,.32,1.275) forwards}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(14){height:3px;width:4px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-20px,-124px,0) rotate(56deg);transform:translate3d(-20px,-124px,0) rotate(56deg);background:#f16137}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(15){height:4px;width:7px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-23px,-106px,0) rotate(12deg);transform:translate3d(-23px,-106px,0) rotate(12deg);background:#f0b636}@media screen and (max-width:480px){.svg-wrapper .confetti{top:75px;left:40px}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(1){height:5px;width:5px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-3px,-50px,0) rotate(17deg);transform:translate3d(-3px,-50px,0) rotate(17deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(2){height:6px;width:6px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-12px,-36px,0) rotate(30deg);transform:translate3d(-12px,-36px,0) rotate(30deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(3){height:5px;width:3px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-50px,-37px,0) rotate(38deg);transform:translate3d(-50px,-37px,0) rotate(38deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(4){height:3px;width:3px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(13px,-87px,0) rotate(82deg);transform:translate3d(13px,-87px,0) rotate(82deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(5){height:5px;width:3px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(24px,-53px,0) rotate(75deg);transform:translate3d(24px,-53px,0) rotate(75deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(6){height:6px;width:6px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-46px,-84px,0) rotate(49deg);transform:translate3d(-46px,-84px,0) rotate(49deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(7){height:3px;width:4px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-16px,-33px,0) rotate(76deg);transform:translate3d(-16px,-33px,0) rotate(76deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(8){height:4px;width:3px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-38px,-51px,0) rotate(83deg);transform:translate3d(-38px,-51px,0) rotate(83deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(9){height:5px;width:6px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(8px,-48px,0) rotate(34deg);transform:translate3d(8px,-48px,0) rotate(34deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(10){height:5px;width:6px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(3px,-85px,0) rotate(46deg);transform:translate3d(3px,-85px,0) rotate(46deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(11){height:6px;width:4px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-45px,-46px,0) rotate(3deg);transform:translate3d(-45px,-46px,0) rotate(3deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(12){height:6px;width:3px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-32px,-49px,0) rotate(58deg);transform:translate3d(-32px,-49px,0) rotate(58deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(13){height:5px;width:5px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(15px,-41px,0) rotate(6deg);transform:translate3d(15px,-41px,0) rotate(6deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(14){height:4px;width:4px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-10px,-44px,0) rotate(26deg);transform:translate3d(-10px,-44px,0) rotate(26deg)}.svg-wrapper .confetti div:nth-of-type(15){height:3px;width:5px;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-36px,-63px,0) rotate(79deg);transform:translate3d(-36px,-63px,0) rotate(79deg)}}.AuthBox-Normal,.js-login-view,.js-passkey-view{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.js-login-view[hidden],.js-passkey-view[hidden]{display:none}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-heading{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);margin-bottom:calc(var(--spacing)*10)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-heading>div{display:grid;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-heading h1,.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-heading p{margin:0}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-heading p{color:#62656c;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-heading h1{line-height:1.2}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-add{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;width:40px;height:40px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border-radius:50%;text-decoration:none}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-add svg{width:20px;height:20px}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-details,.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-empty,.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-list{display:grid;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-item{border:1px solid #dedede;border-radius:6px;padding:calc(var(--spacing)*4)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-row{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-confirm-delete{display:grid;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);margin-top:calc(var(--spacing)*4);padding-top:calc(var(--spacing)*4);border-top:1px solid var(--color-kumo-hairline)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-confirm-actions{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-details{min-width:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-details form{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-actions{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2);-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-details input{min-width:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-details form,.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-meta{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-meta{-webkit-column-gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);-moz-column-gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);column-gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);font-size:13px;color:#62656c}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-meta span{white-space:nowrap}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-actions{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:var(--spacing)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-action{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;width:36px;height:36px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:var(--radius-lg);background:0 0;color:#62656c;cursor:pointer}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-action:hover{background:var(--color-kumo-tint);color:var(--text-color-kumo-default)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-action-delete:hover{color:var(--color-kumo-danger)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-action:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--color-kumo-brand)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-action:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:not-allowed}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-action svg{width:18px;height:18px}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-back{margin-top:calc(var(--spacing)*6)}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-empty{padding:calc(var(--spacing)*6)0;text-align:center;color:#62656c}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-empty p{margin:0}.PasskeyManagement .passkeys-error{margin-bottom:calc(var(--spacing)*4);border:1px solid #e5a6a6;border-radius:6px;padding:calc(var(--spacing)*3);background:#fff4f4;color:#8d2020}.PasskeyManagementLink{text-align:center}.AuthBox-AuthGroup{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:var(--spacing)}.AuthBox-AuthGroup,.AuthServiceLogin,.kumo-divider{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.AuthServiceLogin{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.kumo-divider{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*3);color:var(--text-color-kumo-subtle)}.kumo-divider::after,.kumo-divider::before{content:\"\";-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;height:1px;background:var(--color-kumo-hairline)}.kumo-divider__label{font-size:13px;line-height:18px;font-weight:500}.AuthBox-RequestCode{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.AuthBox-RequestCode,.PasskeyEnrollment,.PasskeyEnrollment-header{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}.PasskeyEnrollment{gap:calc(var(--spacing)*6);padding:calc(var(--spacing)*2)0}.PasskeyEnrollment-header{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:calc(var(--spacing)*2);text-align:center}.PasskeyEnrollment-visual{width:80px;margin-bottom:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}.PasskeyEnrollment-visual-is-success{width:96px}@media (max-width:480px){.PasskeyEnrollment-visual-is-success{width:64px}}.PasskeyEnrollment-visual[hidden]{display:none}.PasskeyEnrollment-visual svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.PasskeyEnrollment .Card-subtitle{color:var(--text-color-kumo-subtle);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.PasskeyEnrollment-actions{margin-top:calc(var(--spacing)*2)}</style>\n \n\n <!-- URL polyfill for IE11 -->\n <script>!function(e){\"use strict\";function t(t){return!!t&&(\"Symbol\"in e&&\"iterator\"in e.Symbol&&\"function\"==typeof t[Symbol.iterator]||!!Array.isArray(t))}function n(e){return\"from\"in Array?Array.from(e):Array.prototype.slice.call(e)}!function(){var r,a=e.URL;try{if(a){if(\"searchParams\"in(r=new e.URL(\"http://example.com\")))return;\"href\"in r||(r=void 0)}}catch(e){}function i(e){var t=\"\",n=!0;return e.forEach(function(e){var r=encodeURIComponent(e.name),a=encodeURIComponent(e.value);n||(t+=\"&\"),t+=r+\"=\"+a,n=!1}),t.replace(/%20/g,\"+\")}function o(e,t){var n=e.split(\"&\");t&&-1===n[0].indexOf(\"=\")&&(n[0]=\"=\"+n[0]);var r=[];n.forEach(function(e){if(0!==e.length){var t=e.indexOf(\"=\");if(-1!==t)var n=e.substring(0,t),a=e.substring(t+1);else n=e,a=\"\";n=n.replace(/\\+/g,\" \"),a=a.replace(/\\+/g,\" \"),r.push({name:n,value:a})}});var a=[];return r.forEach(function(e){a.push({name:decodeURIComponent(e.name),value:decodeURIComponent(e.value)})}),a}function u(e){var r=this;this._list=[],null==e||(e instanceof u?this._list=o(String(e)):\"object\"==typeof e&&t(e)?n(e).forEach(function(e){if(!t(e))throw TypeError();var a=n(e);if(2!==a.length)throw TypeError();r._list.push({name:String(a[0]),value:String(a[1])})}):\"object\"==typeof e&&e?Object.keys(e).forEach(function(t){r._list.push({name:String(t),value:String(e[t])})}):(\"?\"===(e=String(e)).substring(0,1)&&(e=e.substring(1)),this._list=o(e))),this._url_object=null,this._setList=function(e){a||(r._list=e)};var a=!1;this._update_steps=function(){a||(a=!0,r._url_object&&(\"about:\"===r._url_object.protocol&&-1!==r._url_object.pathname.indexOf(\"?\")&&(r._url_object.pathname=r._url_object.pathname.split(\"?\")[0]),r._url_object.search=i(r._list),a=!1))}}function l(e,t){var n=0;this.next=function(){if(n>=e.length)return{done:!0,value:void 0};var r=e[n++];return{done:!1,value:\"key\"===t?r.name:\"value\"===t?r.value:[r.name,r.value]}}}function c(t,n){if(!(this instanceof e.URL))throw new TypeError(\"Failed to construct 'URL': Please use the 'new' operator.\");n&&(t=function(){if(r)return new a(t,n).href;var e;try{var i;if(\"[object OperaMini]\"===Object.prototype.toString.call(window.operamini)?((e=document.createElement(\"iframe\")).style.display=\"none\",document.documentElement.appendChild(e),i=e.contentWindow.document):document.implementation&&document.implementation.createHTMLDocument?i=document.implementation.createHTMLDocument(\"\"):document.implementation&&document.implementation.createDocument?((i=document.implementation.createDocument(\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\",\"html\",null)).documentElement.appendChild(i.createElement(\"head\")),i.documentElement.appendChild(i.createElement(\"body\"))):window.ActiveXObject&&((i=new window.ActiveXObject(\"htmlfile\")).write(\"<head></head><body></body>\"),i.close()),!i)throw Error(\"base not supported\");var o=i.createElement(\"base\");o.href=n,i.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(o);var u=i.createElement(\"a\");return u.href=t,u.href}finally{e&&e.parentNode.removeChild(e)}}());var i=function(e){if(r)return new a(e);var t=document.createElement(\"a\");return t.href=e,t}(t||\"\"),l=function(){if(!(\"defineProperties\"in Object))return!1;try{var e={};return Object.defineProperties(e,{prop:{get:function(){return!0}}}),e.prop}catch(e){return!1}}()?this:document.createElement(\"a\"),c=new u(i.search?i.search.substring(1):null);function s(){var e=i.href.replace(/#$|\\?$|\\?(?=#)/g,\"\");i.href!==e&&(i.href=e)}function f(){c._setList(i.search?o(i.search.substring(1)):[]),c._update_steps()}return c._url_object=l,Object.defineProperties(l,{href:{get:function(){return i.href},set:function(e){i.href=e,s(),f()},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},origin:{get:function(){return\"origin\"in i?i.origin:this.protocol+\"//\"+this.host},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},protocol:{get:function(){return i.protocol},set:function(e){i.protocol=e},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},username:{get:function(){return i.username},set:function(e){i.username=e},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},password:{get:function(){return i.password},set:function(e){i.password=e},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},host:{get:function(){var e={\"http:\":/:80$/,\"https:\":/:443$/,\"ftp:\":/:21$/}[i.protocol];return e?i.host.replace(e,\"\"):i.host},set:function(e){i.host=e},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},hostname:{get:function(){return i.hostname},set:function(e){i.hostname=e},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},port:{get:function(){return i.port},set:function(e){i.port=e},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},pathname:{get:function(){return\"/\"!==i.pathname.charAt(0)?\"/\"+i.pathname:i.pathname},set:function(e){i.pathname=e},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},search:{get:function(){return i.search},set:function(e){i.search!==e&&(i.search=e,s(),f())},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},searchParams:{get:function(){return c},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},hash:{get:function(){return i.hash},set:function(e){i.hash=e,s()},enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},toString:{value:function(){return i.toString()},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0},valueOf:{value:function(){return i.valueOf()},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}}),l}if(Object.defineProperties(u.prototype,{append:{value:function(e,t){this._list.push({name:e,value:t}),this._update_steps()},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},delete:{value:function(e){for(var t=0;t<this._list.length;)this._list[t].name===e?this._list.splice(t,1):++t;this._update_steps()},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},get:{value:function(e){for(var t=0;t<this._list.length;++t)if(this._list[t].name===e)return this._list[t].value;return null},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},getAll:{value:function(e){for(var t=[],n=0;n<this._list.length;++n)this._list[n].name===e&&t.push(this._list[n].value);return t},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},has:{value:function(e){for(var t=0;t<this._list.length;++t)if(this._list[t].name===e)return!0;return!1},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},set:{value:function(e,t){for(var n=!1,r=0;r<this._list.length;)this._list[r].name===e?n?this._list.splice(r,1):(this._list[r].value=t,n=!0,++r):++r;n||this._list.push({name:e,value:t}),this._update_steps()},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},entries:{value:function(){return new l(this._list,\"key+value\")},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},keys:{value:function(){return new l(this._list,\"key\")},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},values:{value:function(){return new l(this._list,\"value\")},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},forEach:{value:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this._list.forEach(function(n,r){e.call(t,n.value,n.name)})},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0},toString:{value:function(){return i(this._list)},writable:!0,enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}}),\"Symbol\"in e&&\"iterator\"in e.Symbol&&(Object.defineProperty(u.prototype,e.Symbol.iterator,{value:u.prototype.entries,writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(l.prototype,e.Symbol.iterator,{value:function(){return this},writable:!0,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0})),a)for(var s in a)a.hasOwnProperty(s)&&\"function\"==typeof a[s]&&(c[s]=a[s]);e.URL=c,e.URLSearchParams=u}(),function(){if(\"1\"!==new e.URLSearchParams([[\"a\",1]]).get(\"a\")||\"1\"!==new e.URLSearchParams({a:1}).get(\"a\")){var r=e.URLSearchParams;e.URLSearchParams=function(e){if(e&&\"object\"==typeof e&&t(e)){var a=new r;return n(e).forEach(function(e){if(!t(e))throw TypeError();var r=n(e);if(2!==r.length)throw TypeError();a.append(r[0],r[1])}),a}return e&&\"object\"==typeof e?(a=new r,Object.keys(e).forEach(function(t){a.set(t,e[t])}),a):new r(e)}}}()}(self);</script>\n <script>\"use strict\";var get=function(t){return Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(t))},addFragmentToURLState=function(t){if(!t)return t;var e=new URL(t);if(e&&\"\"!==fragment&&fragment.length<100){var a=window.btoa(JSON.stringify({fragment:\"#\"===fragment[0]?fragment:\"#\".concat(fragment)})),r=e.searchParams.get(\"state\"),n=e.searchParams.get(\"RelayState\");r?e.searchParams.set(\"state\",\"\".concat(r,\".\").concat(a)):n&&e.searchParams.set(\"RelayState\",\"\".concat(n,\".\").concat(a))}return e.toString()},fragment=window.location.hash||\"\",article=document.querySelector(\"#data\"),dset=article.dataset,autoRedirectToIdentity=\"true\"===dset.autoRedirectToIdentity,autoRedirectURL=addFragmentToURLState(dset.autoRedirectUrl),message=dset.message;autoRedirectURL&&autoRedirectToIdentity&&(message||(window.location=autoRedirectURL));</script>\n </head>\n\n <body>\n <div class=\"Content\">\n <div class=\"base_AccessLogo\">\n <svg width=\"339\" height=\"50\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 339 50\"><path d=\"M42.8 2.847A20.9 20.9 0 0 0 30.343 6.97a21.6 21.6 0 0 0-7.703 10.806l-.14.449h3.9l.09-.215a17.76 17.76 0 0 1 7.47-8.88 17.2 17.2 0 0 1 11.254-2.255 17.38 17.38 0 0 1 10.206 5.342 18.02 18.02 0 0 1 4.772 10.642c.374 3.993-.58 8-2.71 11.372a17.56 17.56 0 0 1-9.03 7.217 17.17 17.17 0 0 1-11.469-.038A17.57 17.57 0 0 1 28 34.133c-.1-.153-.19-.306-.28-.47l-.2-.357h-4.09l.24.5q.556 1.22 1.27 2.347a21.4 21.4 0 0 0 8.002 7.497 20.86 20.86 0 0 0 10.59 2.47 20.9 20.9 0 0 0 10.4-3.203 21.47 21.47 0 0 0 7.481-8.038 22 22 0 0 0 2.6-10.763 22 22 0 0 0-2.962-10.664 21.4 21.4 0 0 0-7.75-7.77A20.9 20.9 0 0 0 42.8 2.848\" fill=\"#fff\"/><path d=\"m43.79 21.52-7.43-7.581-2.47 2.52 4.32 4.419H6l2.08 3.56H42.6zM43.74 37.602l-2.47-2.52 4.32-4.419H11.7l-2.07-3.57h40.35l1.19 2.928zM327.359 19.158q1.95 1.248 2.239 4.295h-4.341q-.091-.837-.472-1.325-.717-.883-2.438-.883-1.416 0-2.026.441-.594.442-.594 1.036 0 .746.64 1.082.64.35 4.524 1.203 2.59.609 3.885 1.843 1.28 1.25 1.279 3.123 0 2.467-1.843 4.037-1.828 1.554-5.667 1.554-3.915 0-5.788-1.646-1.859-1.66-1.859-4.22h4.403q.137 1.159.594 1.646.807.868 2.986.868 1.28 0 2.025-.38.762-.381.762-1.143 0-.73-.609-1.112-.609-.38-4.524-1.31-2.818-.7-3.976-1.752-1.158-1.036-1.158-2.985 0-2.3 1.798-3.946 1.812-1.66 5.087-1.66 3.108 0 5.073 1.234M310.929 19.158q1.95 1.248 2.24 4.295h-4.342q-.091-.837-.472-1.325-.716-.883-2.437-.883-1.417 0-2.026.441-.594.442-.594 1.036 0 .746.639 1.082.64.35 4.525 1.203 2.59.609 3.884 1.843 1.28 1.25 1.28 3.123 0 2.467-1.844 4.037-1.827 1.554-5.666 1.554-3.915 0-5.789-1.646-1.858-1.66-1.858-4.22h4.402q.137 1.159.594 1.646.808.868 2.986.868 1.28 0 2.026-.38.761-.381.761-1.143 0-.73-.609-1.112-.609-.38-4.524-1.31-2.818-.7-3.976-1.752-1.158-1.036-1.158-2.985 0-2.3 1.798-3.946 1.812-1.66 5.088-1.66 3.107 0 5.072 1.234M297.272 30.125q-.167 1.478-1.538 3.001-2.133 2.422-5.971 2.422-3.169 0-5.591-2.041t-2.422-6.642q0-4.31 2.178-6.61 2.195-2.3 5.682-2.3 2.072 0 3.732.776 1.66.777 2.742 2.452.975 1.479 1.265 3.428.167 1.142.137 3.29h-11.364q.091 2.499 1.569 3.504.898.624 2.163.624 1.341 0 2.178-.761.457-.411.808-1.143zm-4.295-5.088q-.107-1.72-1.051-2.604-.93-.9-2.316-.9-1.507 0-2.346.945-.822.945-1.035 2.56zM280.997 24.352h-4.448a3.9 3.9 0 0 0-.625-1.675q-.73-1.006-2.27-1.006-2.193 0-3.001 2.178-.426 1.158-.426 3.078 0 1.827.426 2.94.777 2.07 2.925 2.071 1.524 0 2.163-.822.64-.823.777-2.133h4.433q-.153 1.98-1.432 3.747-2.042 2.85-6.047 2.849-4.006 0-5.896-2.376-1.888-2.377-1.888-6.17 0-4.28 2.086-6.657Q269.862 18 273.532 18q3.123 0 5.104 1.401 1.995 1.402 2.361 4.951M264.567 24.352h-4.448a3.85 3.85 0 0 0-.625-1.675q-.731-1.006-2.269-1.006-2.194 0-3.001 2.178-.427 1.158-.427 3.078 0 1.827.427 2.94.777 2.07 2.924 2.071 1.524 0 2.164-.822.64-.823.776-2.133h4.433q-.152 1.98-1.432 3.747-2.04 2.85-6.047 2.849t-5.895-2.376q-1.89-2.377-1.889-6.17 0-4.28 2.087-6.657Q253.431 18 257.103 18q3.123 0 5.103 1.401 1.995 1.402 2.361 4.951M242.09 30.384h-8.272L232.264 35h-4.905l8.013-22.454h5.301L248.625 35h-5.088zm-1.31-3.869-2.803-8.835-2.895 8.835zM219.788 30.125q-.168 1.478-1.539 3.001-2.132 2.422-5.971 2.422-3.168 0-5.59-2.041t-2.422-6.642q0-4.31 2.178-6.61 2.193-2.3 5.682-2.3 2.071 0 3.732.776 1.66.777 2.742 2.452.975 1.479 1.264 3.428.168 1.142.137 3.29h-11.364q.091 2.499 1.569 3.504.9.624 2.164.624 1.34 0 2.178-.761.457-.411.807-1.143zm-4.296-5.088q-.106-1.72-1.051-2.604-.929-.9-2.315-.9-1.508 0-2.346.945-.822.945-1.036 2.56zM202.702 22.402q-2.62 0-3.519 1.706-.503.96-.503 2.956V35h-4.371V18.396h4.143v2.894q1.005-1.66 1.752-2.27 1.218-1.02 3.168-1.02.121 0 .198.015.091 0 .381.015v4.448a12 12 0 0 0-1.249-.076M178.549 20.194q1.72-2.194 5.91-2.194 2.727 0 4.844 1.081 2.118 1.082 2.118 4.083v7.616q0 .792.03 1.92.045.853.259 1.157.213.306.64.503V35h-4.722a4.8 4.8 0 0 1-.275-.944 12 12 0 0 1-.122-1.006 9 9 0 0 1-2.071 1.66q-1.402.808-3.169.808-2.254 0-3.732-1.28-1.462-1.294-1.462-3.656 0-3.06 2.361-4.432 1.295-.747 3.808-1.067l1.478-.182q1.203-.153 1.721-.381.93-.396.929-1.234 0-1.02-.716-1.402-.7-.396-2.071-.396-1.539 0-2.179.762-.456.564-.609 1.523h-4.189q.137-2.178 1.219-3.58m3.229 11.668q.61.503 1.493.503 1.401 0 2.574-.823 1.189-.823 1.234-3v-1.616a5 5 0 0 1-.838.427 7.3 7.3 0 0 1-1.142.29l-.975.182q-1.371.244-1.965.594-1.005.594-1.005 1.843 0 1.113.624 1.6M167.682 12.41v3.534q-.306-.015-.595-.015-.288-.015-.7-.016-1.021 0-1.249.564-.23.564-.198 1.767v.305h2.848v3.061h-2.848V35h-4.327V21.61h-2.422V18.55h2.377v-1.067q0-2.65 1.173-3.945 1.05-1.218 4.28-1.219.396 0 .807.03.412.031.854.062m7.007.137V35h-4.326V12.547zM156.763 12.577V35h-4.219v-2.3q-.93 1.477-2.118 2.148-1.188.67-2.955.67-2.909 0-4.905-2.346-1.98-2.361-1.98-6.047 0-4.25 1.95-6.688Q144.501 18 147.776 18q1.508 0 2.681.67a5.2 5.2 0 0 1 1.904 1.828v-7.92zm-11.699 14.228q0 2.3.914 3.67.9 1.387 2.742 1.387t2.803-1.37q.96-1.372.96-3.55 0-3.046-1.539-4.357a3.3 3.3 0 0 0-2.193-.792q-1.905 0-2.803 1.447-.884 1.432-.884 3.565M134.164 32.654q-.06.075-.304.457a3 3 0 0 1-.579.67q-1.021.915-1.981 1.25-.944.334-2.224.334-3.685 0-4.966-2.65-.715-1.463-.715-4.31V18.395h4.448v10.008q0 1.417.335 2.133.594 1.264 2.33 1.264 2.225 0 3.047-1.797.426-.976.426-2.575v-9.033h4.403V35h-4.22zM119.227 20.498q2.102 2.636 2.102 6.23 0 3.657-2.102 6.261-2.102 2.59-6.383 2.59-4.28 0-6.382-2.59-2.103-2.604-2.103-6.26 0-3.596 2.103-6.23 2.101-2.636 6.382-2.636t6.383 2.635m-6.398 1.036q-1.905 0-2.94 1.356-1.02 1.34-1.021 3.838t1.021 3.854q1.035 1.356 2.94 1.356 1.903 0 2.925-1.356 1.02-1.356 1.02-3.854t-1.02-3.838q-1.022-1.356-2.925-1.356M97.727 12.546h4.341V35h-4.341zM92.22 33.324q-2.514 2.3-6.429 2.3-4.844 0-7.616-3.107-2.773-3.123-2.773-8.56 0-5.88 3.154-9.064 2.742-2.773 6.976-2.773 5.667 0 8.287 3.717 1.448 2.087 1.554 4.189H90.68q-.457-1.614-1.173-2.437-1.28-1.463-3.793-1.463-2.56 0-4.037 2.072-1.477 2.057-1.477 5.834 0 3.778 1.553 5.667 1.57 1.875 3.976 1.874 2.468 0 3.763-1.615.716-.868 1.188-2.605h4.646q-.609 3.671-3.108 5.971\" fill=\"#fff\"/></svg>\n </div>\n\n <div class=\"AuthBox\">\n <div class=\"AuthBox-body\">\n <a class=\"OrgAvatarLink\" href=''>\n <div class=\"OrgAvatarLink-logo\">\n <img src=\"https://s.cystack.net/resource/cystack/CyStack-Black.svg\" style=\"opacity:0;\" onload=\"this.style.opacity='1'\">\n </div>\n <div class=\"OrgAvatarLink-title\">\n CyStack\n </div>\n </a>\n <div class=\"AuthBox-App\">\n <h1 class=\"Card-title\">\n Log in to CyStack Blog\n </h1>\n\n </div>\n <div class=\"AuthBox-Normal\" >\n <div class=\"js-login-view\">\n <div class=\"AuthBox-AuthGroup\">\n <div class=\"AuthBox-text\">\n Sign in with:\n </div>\n <div class=\"AuthServiceLogin\">\n <div class=\"AuthServiceLogin-row AuthServiceLogin-row-is-only\">\n <a class=\"Button-is-block Button Button-is-auth js-idp\" data-idp=\"Google\" title=\"Google ・ CyStack\"\n href=\"https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?client_id=306229843697-8ot9f4phmrpr35gahbe3cvf5agj6nhs6.apps.googleusercontent.com&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fcystack.cloudflareaccess.com%2Fcdn-cgi%2Faccess%2Fcallback&response_type=code&state=ef5d5eb9a7a5f6ec2f72334961ccf6862417014634b9a1576be8eeb8bdf06ddb.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%253D&scope=email+profile+openid\" accesskey=\"1\" id=\"idp1\">\n <div class=\"Button-auth-service-icon\"><svg fill=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 262\"><path d=\"M13.925 71.947C5.077 89.644 0 109.517 0 130.55s5.077 40.905 13.925 58.602C35.393 231.798 79.49 261.1 130.55 261.1c35.248 0 64.839-11.605 86.453-31.622 24.659-22.774 38.875-56.282 38.875-96.027 0-10.734-.871-18.567-2.756-26.69H130.55v48.448h71.947c-1.45 12.04-9.283 30.172-26.69 42.356-11.024 7.688-25.82 13.055-45.257 13.055-34.523 0-63.824-22.773-74.269-54.25-2.756-8.123-4.351-16.827-4.351-25.82 0-8.994 1.595-17.697 4.206-25.82 10.59-31.477 39.891-54.251 74.414-54.251 24.514 0 41.05 10.589 50.479 19.438l36.844-35.974C195.245 12.91 165.798 0 130.55 0 79.49 0 35.393 29.301 13.925 71.947z\"></path></svg></div>\n <div class=\"AuthBoxRow--name\">Google ・ CyStack</div>\n </a>\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"kumo-divider\" role=\"separator\" aria-orientation=\"horizontal\">\n <span class=\"kumo-divider__label\">or</span>\n </div>\n <div class=\"AuthBox-RequestCode AuthBox-RequestCode__idpsExist\">\n <form class=\"AuthFormLogin\" action='https://cystack.cloudflareaccess.com/cdn-cgi/access/verify-code/blog.cystack.org?kid=d08cc312d3580268df3aca24cb4f4b746aa558ed0a384cb4d73dd768eb0201f7&meta=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjM3OGNiZDUyOWNlY2VmZjRiNzY0M2Y3YzQyZjYwOTc5Y2YzNTI3MGEzZjAxMzJkZTg2ZjRkMGY2ZTNkOTA4ZTEifQ.eyJ0eXBlIjoibWV0YSIsImF1ZCI6ImQwOGNjMzEyZDM1ODAyNjhkZjNhY2EyNGNiNGY0Yjc0NmFhNTU4ZWQwYTM4NGNiNGQ3M2RkNzY4ZWIwMjAxZjciLCJob3N0bmFtZSI6ImJsb2cuY3lzdGFjay5vcmciLCJyZWRpcmVjdF91cmwiOiIvbGFicy93cC1qc29uL3dwL3JhbmttYXRoL3YxL2dldEhlYWQ_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.Pvn6QDQvaEmRT10cOHFPC3NY093brc0_y5NId30tDo1xcMdfsk1DABqQUuKzTf-A1P41XuwVvLNhRc7i6APl768vUifHXNg75HLjKnoercjzRDlxhH32qc7L6AXgKNHVgPbHZteb1zVG-KcbO1It8iZmL7LtVO1PLp9Sd689bWOUphz4iVA7qlYgoYTYm26oXyaLl1NBBZA8AuhrKzu0Ia69d3JQGZPnKwY-7POyI7QaMJNIfnkoFfny6XVAlo2XJ5_2c9Qe21B4z2zZPOY68CfP8ROccisthZgQoGT8ztdhcGaCC4BrZ7_hMbdvMdJFJnkwalAVjiKEHKgG3Om4dw&redirect_url=%2Flabs%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Frankmath%2Fv1%2FgetHead%3Furl%3Dhttps%3A%252F%252Fblog.cystack.org%252Flabs%252F2019%252F12%252F06%252Fmongoose-integer-overflow%252F' method=\"post\" id=\"totp-form\">\n <div class=\"AuthFormLogin-row\">\n <label for=\"email\">Email</label>\n <input id=\"email\" data-testid=\"email-input\" class=\"StandardInput-is-block StandardInput EmailInput\" type=\"email\" required\n placeholder=\"example@email.com\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocomplete=\"off\" autocapitalize=\"none\"\n name=\"email\">\n <input hidden type=\"text\" name=\"client_id\" value=''>\n <input hidden type=\"text\" name=\"connector_id\" value=''>\n <input hidden type=\"text\" name=\"connector_type\" value=''>\n <input hidden type=\"text\" name=\"redirect_url\" value=''>\n \n \n \n </div>\n <div class=\"AuthFormLogin-row\">\n <button type=\"submit\" form=\"totp-form\" data-testid=\"email-submit-button\" class=\"Button-is-block Button Button-is-primary\">\n Send login code\n </button>\n </div>\n </form>\n </div>\n\n </div>\n </div>\n \n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n\n <script>\"use strict\";if(document.addEventListener(\"keyup\",function(e){if(\"BODY\"===e.target.nodeName&&e.key>=1&&e.key<=10){var t=document.getElementById(\"idp\"+e.key);window.location=t.getAttribute(\"href\")}},!1),\"\"!==fragment&&fragment.length<100){var services=get(\".js-idp\")||[];services.map(function(e){return e.href=addFragmentToURLState(e.href),e})}</script>\n \n \n </body>\n\n</html>\n"
