CWE-457 is Use of Uninitialized Variable. The flaw arises when the code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results. The database currently holds 53 vulnerabilities mapped to CWE-457 and none of them are in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
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No vulnerability data in CISA KEV for CWE-457
The code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results.
In some languages such as C and C++, stack variables are not initialized by default. They generally contain junk data with the contents of stack memory before the function was invoked. In other languages or conditions, a variable that is not explicitly initialized can be given a default value that has security implications, depending on the logic of the program.
| Impact | Scope | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Varies by Context, Read Application Data | Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Other | Uninitialized variables usually contain junk, which can not be trusted for consistency. Depending on the context, uninitialized variables could lead to denial of service conditions, or modify control flow in unexpected ways. They could also contain sensitive information that could be leaked if the variable is used in output. In some cases, an attacker can "pre-initialize" the variable using previous actions - i.e., control the contents of the variable - which might enable code execution. |
| Alter Execution Logic, Unexpected State | Availability | This can cause a race condition if a lock variable check passes when it should not. |
| Varies by Context | Authorization, Other | Strings that are not initialized are especially dangerous, since many functions expect a null at the end -- and only at the end -- of a string. |
| Method | Approach | Effectiveness |
|---|---|---|
| Fuzzing | Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a powerful technique for generating large numbers of diverse inputs - either randomly or algorithmically - and dynamically invoking the code with those inputs. Even with random inputs, it is often capable of generating unexpected results such as crashes, memory corruption, or resource consumption. Fuzzing effectively produces repeatable test cases that clearly indicate bugs, which helps developers to diagnose the issues. | High |
| Automated Static Analysis | Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.) | High |
Below are representative vulnerabilities related to this CWE, prioritized by severity.
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