Kopia: Unauthenticated RCE via SSH ProxyCommand Injection when --insecure --without-password is used

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What is CVE-2026-45695?

CVE-2026-45695 is a vulnerability classified as Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') and Missing Authentication for Critical Function, affecting kopia (affected versions: < 0.23.0). This vulnerability is rated Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.8. Current sources do not report this vulnerability as exploited.

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Overview

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Kopia is a cross-platform backup tool for Windows, macOS, and Linux with fast incremental backups, client-side end-to-end encryption, compression, and data deduplication. Prior to 0.23.0, Kopia's HTTP server started with --without-password accepts unauthenticated requests to /api/v1/repo/exists and forwards attacker-supplied SFTP storage configuration to blob.NewStorage, where externalSSH: true and sshArguments containing -oProxyCommand= can cause exec.CommandContext("ssh") to invoke the command through OpenSSH. This issue is fixed in version 0.23.0.

Affected products and scope

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Detection

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