Pterodactyl's improper JWT scoping allows subuser to upload files when not explicitly granted `file.create` permissions

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What is CVE-2026-54593?

CVE-2026-54593 is a vulnerability classified as Improper Restriction of Security Token Assignment and Generation of Incorrect Security Tokens, affecting panel (affected versions: < 1.12.3). This vulnerability is rated High, with a CVSS score of 8.1. Public exploit code or evidence is available for this vulnerability, but that does not confirm exploitation in the wild.

Overview

Original source data

Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Prior to Panel version 1.12.3 and Wings version 1.12.2, the Wings /upload/file endpoint accepted any valid panel-signed JWT that contained server_uuid, user_uuid, and unique_id claims without checking the token's intended purpose; because the Panel issues JWTs carrying those same claims for lower-privilege operations such as WebSocket authentication and file-download links, an authenticated subuser could reuse one of those tokens (for example a WebSocket token obtained with only the websocket.connect permission) by replaying it against /upload/file to write arbitrary files to the same server, despite never being granted the file.create permission. This issue is fixed in Panel version 1.12.3 and Wings version 1.12.2.

Affected products and scope

The analysis could not be completed. The original vulnerability data remains available below.

Technical details

The analysis could not be completed. The original vulnerability data remains available below.

Exploitability

The analysis could not be completed. The original vulnerability data remains available below.

Technical impact

The analysis could not be completed. The original vulnerability data remains available below.

Business impact

The analysis could not be completed. The original vulnerability data remains available below.

Remediation

The analysis could not be completed. The original vulnerability data remains available below.

Detection

The analysis could not be completed. The original vulnerability data remains available below.
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