CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound

CWE-190 là gì?

CWE-190 là Integer Overflow or Wraparound. Lỗi phát sinh khi the product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. Hiện có 492 lỗ hổng trong kho dữ liệu liên quan đến CWE-190 và 1 trong số đó nằm trong danh mục khai thác thực tế của CISA.

Đang phân tích dữ liệu...

Thứ hạng OWASP Top 10-
Tổng số CVE liên quan (365 ngày)492
Mức trừu tượngCơ bản
Khả năng khai thácTrung bình

Số lượng lỗ hổng nằm trong CWE-190

492 lỗ hổngTăng 493% so với cùng kỳ

Số lượng lỗ hổng trong CISA KEV của CWE-190

1 lỗ hổngKhông đổi so với cùng kỳ

Định nghĩa chính thức

TheoMitre CWE

Đặc điểm

Dữ liệu MITRE CWE chính thức

Tên gọi khác

  • Overflow — The terms "overflow" and "wraparound" are used interchangeably by some people, but they can have more precise distinctions by others. See Terminology Notes.
  • Wraparound — The terms "overflow" and "wraparound" are used interchangeably by some people, but they can have more precise distinctions by others. See Terminology Notes.
  • wrap, wrap-around, wrap around — Alternate spellings of "wraparound"

Giai đoạn hình thành

  • Hiện thực hóa: This weakness may become security critical when determining the offset or size in behaviors such as memory allocation, copying, and concatenation.

Hậu quả thường gặp

Dữ liệu MITRE CWE chính thức
Tác độngPhạm viDiễn giải
Từ chối dịch vụ: sập, thoát hoặc khởi động lại, Từ chối dịch vụ: tiêu thụ bộ nhớ, Từ chối dịch vụ: mất ổn địnhTính sẵn sàngThis weakness can generally lead to undefined behavior and therefore crashes. When the calculated result is used for resource allocation, this weakness can cause too many (or too few) resources to be allocated, possibly enabling crashes if the product requests more resources than can be provided.
Thay đổi bộ nhớTính toàn vẹnIf the value in question is important to data (as opposed to flow), simple data corruption has occurred. Also, if the overflow/wraparound results in other conditions such as buffer overflows, further memory corruption may occur.
Thực thi mã hoặc lệnh trái phép, Vượt qua cơ chế bảo vệTính bí mật, Tính sẵn sàng, Kiểm soát truy cậpThis weakness can sometimes trigger buffer overflows, which can be used to execute arbitrary code. This is usually outside the scope of the product's implicit security policy.
Thay đổi logic thực thi, Từ chối dịch vụ: sập, thoát hoặc khởi động lại, Từ chối dịch vụ: tiêu thụ tài nguyên CPUTính sẵn sàng, KhácIf the overflow/wraparound occurs in a loop index variable, this could cause the loop to terminate at the wrong time - too early, too late, or not at all (i.e., infinite loops). With too many iterations, some loops could consume too many resources such as memory, file handles, etc., possibly leading to a crash or other DoS.
Vượt qua cơ chế bảo vệKiểm soát truy cậpIf integer values are used in security-critical decisions, such as calculating quotas or allocation limits, integer overflows can be used to cause an incorrect security decision.

Biện pháp giảm thiểu rủi ro

Dữ liệu MITRE CWE chính thức
  1. Yêu cầuEnsure that all protocols are strictly defined, such that all out-of-bounds behavior can be identified simply, and require strict conformance to the protocol.
  2. Lựa chọn ngôn ngữ · Yêu cầuUse a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
  3. Thư viện hoặc framework · Kiến trúc và thiết kếUse a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482]. Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences. Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
  4. Kiểm tra dữ liệu đầu vào · Hiện thực hóaPerform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range. Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
  5. Hiện thực hóaUnderstand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7] Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
  6. Kiến trúc và thiết kếFor any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
  7. Gia cố quá trình biên dịch hoặc xây dựng · Hiện thực hóaExamine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.

Cách phát hiện trong hệ thống

Dữ liệu MITRE CWE chính thức
Phương phápCách làmHiệu quả
Phân tích tĩnh tự độngThis weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.Cao
Hộp đenSometimes, evidence of this weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.Without visibility into the code, black box methods may not be able to sufficiently distinguish this weakness from others, requiring follow-up manual methods to diagnose the underlying problem.Khá
Phân tích thủ côngThis weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of allocation calculations. This can be useful for detecting overflow conditions (CWE-190) or similar weaknesses that might have serious security impacts on the program.These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.Cao
Phân tích tĩnh tệp nhị phân hoặc bytecode tự độngAccording to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful: ``` Highly cost effective: ``` Bytecode Weakness Analysis - including disassembler + source code weakness analysis Binary Weakness Analysis - including disassembler + source code weakness analysisCao
Phân tích động với diễn giải kết quả thủ côngAccording to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful: ``` Cost effective for partial coverage: ``` Fuzz Tester Framework-based FuzzerSOAR một phần
Phân tích tĩnh mã nguồn thủ côngAccording to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful: ``` Cost effective for partial coverage: ``` Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)SOAR một phần
Phân tích tĩnh mã nguồn tự độngAccording to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful: ``` Highly cost effective: ``` Source code Weakness Analyzer Context-configured Source Code Weakness AnalyzerCao
Rà soát kiến trúc hoặc thiết kếAccording to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful: ``` Highly cost effective: ``` Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction ``` Cost effective for partial coverage: ``` Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)Cao

Lỗ hổng điển hình

Dữ liệu MITRE CWE chính thức

Dưới đây là các lỗ hổng tiêu biểu liên quan đến CWE-190, dựa theo mức độ ưu tiên

Nguồn (2)

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